FIV is a lentivirus that affects the immune system, primarily transmitted through deep bite wounds. FIV-positive cats can live many years with good care—the virus has a long latent period. Use the Feline Medicine Specialist for management guidance.
Transmission: primarily deep bite wounds (saliva to bloodstream). Casual contact (sharing bowls, grooming) is low risk. Mother-to-kitten transmission occurs but is less common than FeLV.
ELISA detects antibodies. Positive in vaccinated cats (FIV vaccine discontinued in 2016—few vaccinated cats remain). Confirm with Western blot or PCR if vaccination history unknown. Kittens may have maternal antibodies—retest at 6 months.
FIV-positive and FIV-negative cats can coexist if they get along—fighting must be prevented. Many multi-cat households have mixed FIV status without transmission.
Keep indoors to prevent spread and reduce exposure to pathogens. Annual wellness exams; prompt treatment of infections. Dental care, nutrition, and parasite control are important. Avoid raw diets (infection risk).
FIV-positive cats are more susceptible to secondary infections, dental disease, and certain cancers. Monitor for weight loss, lethargy, oral lesions, chronic infections. No specific antiviral is routinely recommended; focus on supportive care.
Warning: FIV is species-specific—it does not infect humans or dogs. Stigma and unnecessary euthanasia should be avoided. Many FIV+ cats live normal lifespans.
- FIV: transmitted by deep bites; casual contact low risk.
- ELISA screening; confirm if vaccination history unknown.
- FIV+ cats can live long lives with good care.
- Keep indoors; prevent fighting; treat infections promptly.
- FIV does not infect humans—no zoonotic risk.