An estimated 75-90% of reptile presentations are husbandry-related. Correct temperature, UVB, and humidity prevent most disease. Use the General Vet AI for husbandry guidance and the Triage/Emergency Specialist for urgent concerns.
Reptiles are ectothermic—they rely on environment for thermoregulation. Provide a thermal gradient: warm basking spot (species-specific, e.g., 95-110°F for bearded dragons) and cooler zone (75-85°F).
Heat sources: basking lamp, ceramic heat emitter, under-tank heater. Avoid hot rocks (burn risk). Measure with digital thermometer; thermostats prevent overheating. Night temperature drop is appropriate for many species.
UVB enables vitamin D3 synthesis and calcium metabolism. Without it: metabolic bone disease (MBD), weakness, fractures. Use linear fluorescent (T5 or T8) or mercury vapor bulbs—compact coil bulbs are often inadequate.
Distance matters: follow manufacturer guidelines. Replace every 6-12 months (UVB output degrades). Screen tops filter UVB—mount inside enclosure when possible. Species-specific requirements vary.
Warning: Metabolic bone disease is painful and debilitating. Once advanced, recovery is incomplete. Prevention through correct UVB and calcium supplementation is essential.
MBD: soft bones, tremors, fractures—fix UVB and calcium. Respiratory infection: gaping, nasal discharge, lethargy—often from low temps or humidity. Parasites: coccidia, pinworms—fecal screening. Dysecdysis (stuck shed): low humidity. Inclusion body disease (IBD) in boas/pythons: neurologic, fatal.
Annual wellness exams and fecal screening are recommended. Many reptiles hide illness until advanced. Establish a relationship with an exotic-savvy veterinarian.
- Most reptile disease is husbandry-related—fix environment first.
- Thermal gradient: warm basking + cool zone; species-specific.
- UVB essential for D3/calcium; linear T5/T8 or MVB; replace 6-12 months.
- MBD, respiratory infection, parasites common—prevent with proper care.
- Annual exams and exotic-savvy vet recommended.